| Annotation -- SpeakerA -- FacialDisplay |
primary trackSpeaker A: Face track
| Attributes | ||
ValueSet "Face-type" (4 tokens) |
Face | Face attributes refer to general face expressions. |
ValueSet "Eyebrows-type" (3 tokens) |
Eyebrows | Eyebrows attributes refer to eyebrows movements. |
ValueSet "Eyes-type" (5 tokens) |
Eyes | Eyes refer to movements of the eyelids and not to gaze. |
ValueSet "Gaze-Direction-type" (6 tokens) |
GazeDirection | Gaze direction is defined with respect to the subject's own body axis. Gaze and head movement are related. For instance, if head is up, gaze is also up if the subject does not move the pupils. |
ValueSet "Gaze-Interlocutor-type" (2 tokens) |
GazeInterlocutor | GazeInterlocutor defines gaze direction with respect to the interlocutor. This feature is new wrt. MUMIN 3.3. GazeInterlocutor and GazeDirection are of course related. Which is the default value of GazeDirection when looking at the interlocutor depends of course on how the dialogue participants are positioned wrt. each other. In case of multi-party conversations, one may want to distinguish among several interlocutors. |
ValueSet "Mouth-Openness-type" (2 tokens) |
MouthOpenness | Mouth openness can be combined with mouth lips values. |
ValueSet "Mouth-Lips-type" (5 tokens) |
MouthLips | Mouth lips can be combined with mouth openness values. |
ValueSet "Head-Movement-type" (8 tokens) |
HeadMovement | Head movements are defined similarly to gaze wrt. the subject's own body. Gaze and head movement are related. For instance, if head is up, gaze is also up if the subject does not move the pupils. The values are slightly different from MUMIN 3.3 in that repetition is now a separate feature. |
ValueSet "Head-Repetition-type" (2 tokens) |
HeadRepetition | It indicates whether the movement is repeated or not. A repeated gesture is a sequence of similar gestures in rapid succession. See also HandRepetition. New feature wrt. MUMIN 3.3. |
ValueSet "F-Basic-type" (2 tokens) |
FeedbackBasic | The basic feedback feature is used to distinguish between feedback giving and eliciting. |
ValueSet "F-Understand-type" (2 tokens) |
FeedbackUnderstanding | Feedback understanding is used to specify whether basic feedback is accompanied by signs of understanding or non-understanding. |
ValueSet "F-Acceptance-type" (2 tokens) |
FeedbackAcceptance | Basic feedback can also be accompanied by signs of agreeing or not agreeing. |
ValueSet "Emotion/Attitude-type" (13 tokens) |
Emotion/Attitude | Emotions and attitudes can co-occur with any of the communicative features. They include i.a. Ekman's six basic emotions: happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust/contempt. |
ValueSet "Turn-type" (6 tokens) |
Turn | Turn features refer to the way in which one of the dialogue participants gains, ends or holds the turn, and reflect whether this is done in agreement or not. In a more coarse-grained scheme, one could do with the three values TurnGain, TurnEnd and TurnHold (see MUMIN 3.3). |
ValueSet "Sequencing-type" (4 tokens) |
Sequencing | Sequencing is concerned with speech act organisation and structuring into sub-dialogues. It should not be confused with turn-management, that models turn shifts among dialogue participants. |
ValueSet "InformationStructure-type" (1 tokens) |
InformationStructure | The gesture has a function relating to information structure, i.e. the organisation of the information within a sentence or utterance. It could be underlining the topic, the focus or creating a contrast. |
ValueSet "Semiotic-type" (6 tokens) |
SemioticType | Based on Peirce's theory, three types are defined: indexical, iconic and symbolic. Combinations are also allowed, which is new wrt. MUMIN 3.3. |
MultiLink |
Addition | The gesture adds information to the corresponding speech segment, e.g. by making a concept more specific. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). The feature was subsumed under Compatible in MUMIN 3.3. |
MultiLink |
Reinforcement | The gesture has the same meaning as the corresponding speech segment. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). It was subsumed under Compatible in MUMIN 3.3. |
MultiLink |
Substitution | The gesture occurs in absence of words. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). |
MultiLink |
Contradiction | The gesture contradicts the corresponding speech segment e.g. to denote sarcasm or irony. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). It corresponds to Incompatible in MUMIN 3.3. |
MultiLink |
RelationOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
| Attribute Values |
Face attributes refer to general face expressions.
| Smile | The facial expression shows pleasure, favour, amusement, or sometimes derision and scorn. Smile is characterized by an upturning of the corners of the mouth and usually accompanied by a brightening of the face and eyes. | |
| Laughter | The facial expression shows merriment, amusement, or derision, or nervousness and it is accompanied by an audible vocal expulsion of air from the lungs that can range from a loud burst of sound to a series of chuckles. | |
| Scowl | An angry expression, like a frown. The term "frown" is reserved for the attribute Eyebrows. | |
| FaceOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
Eyebrows attributes refer to eyebrows movements.
| Frown | The eyebrows contract and move towards the nose. | |
| Raise | The eyebrows are lifted. | |
| BrowsOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
Eyes refer to movements of the eyelids and not to gaze.
| X-open | Exaggerated Opening: the eyes are wide open as in the case of surprise. | |
| CloseBoth | The eyes are both closed, e.g. to underline focusing, but not in case of a biological blinking. | |
| CloseOne | One eye winks, that is opens and closes quickly. | |
| CloseRepeat | Both eyes wink, that is open and close quickly. | |
| EyesOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
Gaze direction is defined with respect to the subject's own body axis. Gaze and head movement are related. For instance, if head is up, gaze is also up if the subject does not move the pupils.
| GazeForward | The subject is looking forward wrt. own body. | |
| GazeBackward | The subject is looking backward wrt. own body (implies turning the head and naybe part of the torso). | |
| GazeUp | The subject is looking up wrt. own body. | |
| GazeDown | The subject is lookng down wrt. own body (the head may be bent or not). | |
| GazeSide | The subject is looking to the side of own body. | |
| GazeDirectionOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate, for instance for complex movements. A comment *must* be added. |
GazeInterlocutor defines gaze direction with respect to the interlocutor. This feature is new wrt. MUMIN 3.3. GazeInterlocutor and GazeDirection are of course related. Which is the default value of GazeDirection when looking at the interlocutor depends of course on how the dialogue participants are positioned wrt. each other. In case of multi-party conversations, one may want to distinguish among several interlocutors.
| ToInterlocutor | The subject is looking at the interlocutor. | |
| AwayFromInterlocutor | The subject is looking at the interlocutor. |
Mouth openness can be combined with mouth lips values.
| OpenMouth | The mouth is open or opens as in the case of surprise (that is not just to talk). | |
| CloseMouth | The mouth is close (relevant in combination with other values, e.g. lips retracted). |
Mouth lips can be combined with mouth openness values.
| CornersUp | Corners up as in a smile. | |
| CornersDown | Corners down as in a scowl, sulk or sad expression. | |
| Protruded | The lips are rounded and protruded. | |
| Retracted | The lips are sucked-in, retracted in the mouth. | |
| LipsOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
Head movements are defined similarly to gaze wrt. the subject's own body. Gaze and head movement are related. For instance, if head is up, gaze is also up if the subject does not move the pupils. The values are slightly different from MUMIN 3.3 in that repetition is now a separate feature.
| Nod | A head movement down-up. | |
| Jerk | A quick head movement backwards up. | |
| HeadBackward | A movement of the head backward (up), this can either be a movement of the head only or can be movement of the whole trunk. This movement occurs often as a turn accepting signal. | |
| HeadForward | A movement of the head forward (down), this can either be a movement of the head only or can be a movement of the whole trunk. This movement occurs often as a turn elicit signal. | |
| Tilt | A movement of the head leaning on one side. | |
| SideTurn | A rotation of the head towards one side. | |
| Waggle | A movement of the head back and forth, side to side, like a mixture of shake and move backward or forward. Usually produced to show uncertainty, doubtfulness. | |
| HeadOther | To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added. |
It indicates whether the movement is repeated or not. A repeated gesture is a sequence of similar gestures in rapid succession. See also HandRepetition. New feature wrt. MUMIN 3.3.
| Single | The movement is not repeated. | |
| Repeated | The movement is repeated. |
The basic feedback feature is used to distinguish between feedback giving and eliciting.
| FeedbackGive | The subject shows they have perceived the message and are willing to maintain contact and go on in the communication. In MUMIN 3.3, the two subtypes CPU and CP were distinguished. | |
| FeedbackElicit | The subject elicits willingness to maintain contact and go on in the communication, or signs that the interlocutor has perceived the message. In MUMIN 3.3, the two subtypes CPU and CP were distinguished. |
Feedback understanding is used to specify whether basic feedback is accompanied by signs of understanding or non-understanding.
| Understand | The subject gives or elicits signs that the message is being understood. | |
| NonUnderstand | The subject gives or elicits signs that the message is not being understood. |
Basic feedback can also be accompanied by signs of agreeing or not agreeing.
| Accept | The subject gives or elicits signs of agreement. | |
| NonAccept | The subject gives or elicits signs of lack of agreement. |
Emotions and attitudes can co-occur with any of the communicative features. They include i.a. Ekman's six basic emotions: happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust/contempt.
| Happy | --- | |
| Sad | --- | |
| Surprised | --- | |
| Disgusted | --- | |
| Angry | --- | |
| Frightened | --- | |
| Certain | --- | |
| Uncertain | --- | |
| Interested | --- | |
| Uninterested | --- | |
| Disappointed | --- | |
| Satisfied | --- | |
| Other | --- |
Turn features refer to the way in which one of the dialogue participants gains, ends or holds the turn, and reflect whether this is done in agreement or not. In a more coarse-grained scheme, one could do with the three values TurnGain, TurnEnd and TurnHold (see MUMIN 3.3).
| TurnTake | The speaker takes a turn that wasn't offered, possibly by interrupting. | |
| TurnAccept | The speaker accepts a turn that is being offered. | |
| TurnYield | The speaker releases the turn under pressure. | |
| TurnElicit | The speaker offers the turn to the interlocutor. | |
| TurnComplete | The speaker completes the turn as well as the conversation. The turn is not passed on. | |
| TurnHold | The speaker wishes to keep the turn (usually done by rotating the head and the gaze away from the listener). |
Sequencing is concerned with speech act organisation and structuring into sub-dialogues. It should not be confused with turn-management, that models turn shifts among dialogue participants.
| SeqOpen | Opening uence indicates that a new speech sequence is starting, e.g. a gesture occurring together with the phrase "by the way...". | |
| SeqResume | Resume sequence indicates that a preceding speech sequence is resumed after an interruption or a false start. | |
| SeqContinue | Continue sequence indicates that the current speech sequence is going on, e.g. a gesture occurring together with enumerative phrases such as "the first... the second... the third...". | |
| SeqClose | Closing sequence indicates that the current speech sequence is closed, e.g. a gesture occurring together with phrases such as "that's it, that's all". |
The gesture has a function relating to information structure, i.e. the organisation of the information within a sentence or utterance. It could be underlining the topic, the focus or creating a contrast.
| InfoStructure | --- |
Based on Peirce's theory, three types are defined: indexical, iconic and symbolic. Combinations are also allowed, which is new wrt. MUMIN 3.3.
| IndexDeictic | Indexical gestures express a relation of cause-effect between the sign (the gesture) and its meaning. In particular, Indexical Deictics locate aspects of the discourse in the physical space (e.g. by pointing). They can also be used to index the addressee. | |
| IndexNon-deictic | Indexical gestures express a relation of cause-effect between the sign (the gesture) and its meaning. In Indexical Non-deictic the indexical relation is between the gesture and the effect it establishes. Batonic or beat gestures fall into this category. | |
| Iconic | Iconic gestures express a semantic feature by similarity or homomorphism. Examples are gestures that express size (length, height, etc.) of an object mentioned in the discourse. Included in this category are also gestures that are sometimes called metaphoric. | |
| Symbolic | Symbolic gestures (emblems) are gestures in which the relation between form and content is based on social convention (e.g. the okay gesture). They are culture-specific. | |
| IconicandIndexNon-deictic | Iconic and IndexNon-deictic. New type wrt. MUMIN 3.3. | |
| SymbolicandIndexNon-deictic | Simbolic and IndexNon-deictic. New type wrt. MUMIN 3.3. |
The gesture adds information to the corresponding speech segment, e.g. by making a concept more specific. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). The feature was subsumed under Compatible in MUMIN 3.3.
The gesture has the same meaning as the corresponding speech segment. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). It was subsumed under Compatible in MUMIN 3.3.
The gesture occurs in absence of words. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996).
The gesture contradicts the corresponding speech segment e.g. to denote sarcasm or irony. See Poggi and Magno Caldognetto (1996). It corresponds to Incompatible in MUMIN 3.3.
To be used if none of the other values are appropriate. A comment *must* be added.
| Annotation -- SpeakerA -- FacialDisplay |